Premised upon taxable income the regressive Value Added Tax or Goods and Services Tax through VAT/GST Tax Returns would become progressive in nature with a CPI adjusted cost of living allowance tax credit or rebate that solves the purchasing power of income index and the Fisher Equation allows...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Trends in Growth since the GFC -- Chapter 3. Credit, Employment and the Current Account -- Chapter 4. Capital Formation and Foreign Investment -- Chapter 5. Inflation and Monetary Developments -- Chapter 6. Policy and Analyses Chapter -- 7. Reflexive, not...

Revenue estimates for tax policy changes are typically made under the convention of a fixed set of economic assumptions, with a given level of nominal GDP and aggregate income. For a tax policy change as large and significant as an add-on value-added tax (VAT) or other consumption tax that...

I address the most fundamental yet routinely ignored issue in economics: that of distributive impact of the monetary system on the real economy. By reexamining the logical implications of token representation of value and Irving Fisher's theory of exchange, I argue that producers of value incur...

This paper explores the potential benefits of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) for public finance, focusing specifically on its use in the Value Added Tax (VAT) system. With low adoption rates in jurisdictions that have launched retail CBDC, questions have arisen about the actual solutions...