recent major crises, of the legal framework governing the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as well as current … of the EMU.The following Section II (“The Impact of the Three Major Crises During the Period 2007-2021”) develops on how … the (2007-2009) Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the subsequent fiscal crisis in the euro area and the most recent pandemic …

The euro is the second most important global currency after the US dollar. However, its international role has not … increased since its inception in 1999. The private sector prefers using the US dollar rather than the euro because the financial … the attractiveness of the euro outside the euro area requires, among others, a proactive role for the European Central …

Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in …. Support for the euro in the two euroarea members Austria and Finland has remained high and relatively stable since the … physical introduction of the new currency nearly 20 years ago, while the euro crisis significantly reduced support for the euro …

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has transformed Europe and has created an integrated pan-European economy. Much … political economy channel of EMU as the monetary union implies that member states had to transfer or at least curtail their … policy autonomy in several areas, such as monetary policy and fiscal policy. The paper shows that EMU has helped reduce the …

We examine whether the introduction of the euro had a significantly positive impact on the synchronization of business … cycles among members of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) which might arise due to the lack of country-specific monetary … policy shocks in the euro area. Empirical evidence on this relationship is rare so far and su ers from methodical weaknesses …

of them have been tracking either the euro or the US dollar in recent years. Eight countries, all of them current or … aspiring EU members, track the euro. Of the five countries keying on the US dollar in various degrees, all but one belong to … the Commonwealth of Independent States. The paper shows that the extent to which each country's currency tracks the euro …