Climate change and the transition to a low-carbon economy to mitigate it engender significant economic costs. These costs are ultimately borne by households and firms, affecting their cash flows and wealth, which are key determinants of their credit worthiness. Climate-related costs are thus a...

Climate change is a fundamental challenge for our societies. Containing it will require a profound and radical transformation of our economic system, including a substantial reorientation of investments toward low-carbon technologies. The question to what extent central banks can and should...

The academic and policy debate regarding the role of central banks and financial regulators in addressing climate-related financial risks has rapidly expanded in recent years. This Perspective presents the key controversies and discusses potential research and policy avenues for the future....

The 2008 global financial crisis profoundly changed the role of central banks in the economy. First, central banks engaged in strong expansionary monetary policy, using new unconventional tools to boost economic activity. Second, they were key to containing financial instability, which led them...

Using a textbook New Keynesian model extended with an inequality channel, we examine optimal monetary policy departing from the traditional utilitarian social welfare function, to consider alternative functions, including the Rawlsian approach of putting only weight to the agent with the lowest...

This paper provides a stylized choice-thoretic model to analyze optimal monetary policies among interdependent economies. In response to marcoeconomic shocks, policymakers strike a balance between two objectives. The first is to stabilize marginal costs and markups to offset the distortions...

The enlargement of the EU will eventually lead to an enlargement of the Euroarea. Since the accession countries are economically very small, the implications for the ECB will be limited to its decision-making structure. I argue that the enlargementrepresents an opportunity for the ECB to adjust...

Die Globalisierung zeigt sowohl positive als auch negative Ausiwirkungen auf die Steuersysteme. Positive Effekte ergeben sich aus dem Wirtschaftswachstum und manifestieren sich in der erweiterten Fiskalbasis...