This paper compares the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of standard and non-standard monetary policy tools, such as the banks' refinancing interest rate, penalty interest rate on deposit facility holdings and minimum reserve requirements on attracted deposits. The assessment is...

The Freedman's Savings Bank (1865-1874) was Congressionally-approved to meet the credit needs for the emerging African American community. Preceding and then after Freedman, the post-bellum financial infrastructure was built reflecting a national banking system (1863), the Central Bank (Federal...

In this paper I document two new facts. First, bank net-interest margins (NIM) are insensitive to the short rate on average but this masks substantial heterogeneity in the cross section. I find cross sectional variation ranging from a -30bp to +40bp change in one quarter NIM after a 100bp change...

The U.S. Federal Reserve purchased both agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and Treasury securities to conduct quantitative easing (QE). Using micro-level data, we find that banks benefiting from MBS purchases increase mortgage origination, compared to other banks. At the same time, these...

The main result of the quick reactions of the Federal Reserve (the Fed) and the European Central Bank (ECB) to the Covid-19 crisis are that more than 20% of their public debt is now held by these central banks and that the balance sheet of the ECB is now near 50% of GDP (33% for the Fed). Two...

Between 2003 and 2006, the Federal Reserve raised rates by 4.25%. Yet it was precisely during this period that the housing boom accelerated, fueled by rapid growth in mortgage lending. There is deep disagreement about how, or even if, monetary policy impacted the boom. Using differences in...

We find a significant increase in sensitivities of firm-level investment to monetary policy changes after interstate banking deregulation (IBD) in the U.S. The sensitivities are on average 2% more negative in the years following IBD compared to prior. The intensification of monetary policy...

The 2007-2008 financial crisis demonstrated both the responsibilities that central bankers, alongside other actors, bear for turbulences of this kind as well as how economics can be used to provide central bankers and governments with the understanding and tools that they need to prevent the...

This paper examines the treatment of sovereign debt exposure within the Basel framework and measures the impact of bank regulation on the demand of Monetary Financial Institutions (MFI) for marketable sovereign debt. Our results suggest that bank regulation has a significant positive impact on...

On 11 March 2015, SUERF jointly organised a conference with the Oesterreichische Nationalbank and the Austrian Society for Bank Research (Bankwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft - BWG). The present SUERF Study 2015/2 includes a selection of papers based on the authors' contributions to the Vienna...