Digital currencies have attracted strong interest in recent years and have the potential to become widely adopted for use in making payments. Public authorities and central banks around the world are closely monitoring developments in digital currencies and studying their implications for the...

Modeling -- Foundation -- A model economy -- What is money? -- Money and the level of economic well-being -- Money in a classical economy -- Money in a Keynesian economy -- Should monetary policy be active? -- Is monetary policy active? -- Measuring monetary services -- Organizing the production...

The period from 1914 to 1935 in the United States is unique in that it was the only time that both privately-issued bank notes (national bank notes) and central bank-issued bank notes (Federal Reserve notes) were simultaneously in circulation. This paper describes some lessons relevant to...