The aim of this paper is to provide a Post-Keynesian view to economic theory as an alternative to traditional theory. Keynesian economics consists of an approach to economics derived mainly from the work of Keynes. It is grounded on the fields of observations of stylized facts of the economy and...

The Global Financial Crisis has shown that the international financial system is vulnerable to breakdown. The financial trilemma demonstrates that financial stability, international banking and national financial supervision cannot be combined. National supervisors force international banks to...

A central proposition in research on the role that banks play in the transmission mechanism is that monetary policy imparts a direct impact on deposits and that deposits, insofar as they constitute the supply of loanable funds, act as the driving force of bank lending. This paper argues that the...

A major factor behind this crisis is financialization of the system, with a growing disconnect between the monetary and the real sector. Some proponents of the Islamic finance claim such financial crisis would have been avoided, if asset-backed Islamic finance were adopted. However, while...

This is the first in a series of seven papers on interest rates and it covers the basic terms and information required for a fuller understanding of the significance of interest rates: the instruments that interest rates apply to, the bank interest margin which plays an important transmission...

Has financial globalisation compromised central banks' ability to manage domestic financial conditions? This paper summarises the results from our recent research, which tackles this question from the bond market perspective for both advanced and emerging market economies. Using an asset pricing...

The paper takes a critical look at the conceptual and empirical underpinnings of prevailing explanations for low real (inflation-adjusted) interest rates over long horizons and finds them incomplete. The role of monetary policy, and its interaction with the financial cycle in particular, deserve...

Global risk-off shocks can be highly destabilizing for financial markets and, absent an adequate policy response, may trigger severe recessions. Policy responses were more complex for developed economies with very low interest rates after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). We document, however,...

A central proposition in research on the role of banks in the transmission mechanism is that monetary policy imparts a direct impact on deposits and that deposits act as the driving force of bank lending. This paper argues that the emphasis on policy-induced changes in deposits is misplaced. A...

Trinidad and Tobago operates a non-convertible currency with a managed-float regime, with the central bank tasked to maintain it and defend the country's foreign reserves. The bank is also tasked with maintaining low inflation and an orderly foreign exchange market given the direct and indirect...