This paper analyzes the international transmission of economic distur-bances in a three-country world where two countries have no macroeconomic impact on a third country but are large enough to influence each other un-der fixed and flexible exchange rates. While the fixed exchange rate (FER)...

The available concepts of an extended monetary base are seriously defective. They provide equal measurements for differently sized impulse forces of monetary policy and different measurements for equally sized impulse forces of monetary policy. A new concept is suggested that allows to avoid...

To deal with changes of capitalized seignorage due to EMU, we supply the still missing capital-theoretical framework. We show that seignorage pooling of EMU is composed of two components, a dynamic component and a static component. By its dynamic component, the pool provides insurance against...