As global financial integration deepens, shocks from a local market can generate global spillover effects more easily. Historical episodes, such as the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic show that the connectedness of financial markets is closely related to global systemic risks....

Despite the increasing recognition that the renminbi (RMB) may eventually become a key global currency, several important questions remain to be answered. This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of the RMB becoming an international currency. The benefits include reduced exchange risk,...