The lending channel is conventionally understood to transmit monetary policy through new loans. We postulate that the lending channel may also operate via the stock of existing loans. In this context, this paper documents a wide diversity in borrowers' features, loan features and price...

We study the causal effect of mortgage rate changes on consumer spending, debt repayment, and defaults during an expansionary and a contractionary monetary policy episode in Canada. Our identification takes advantage of the fact that the interest rates of short-term fixed-rate mortgages (the...

As the euro area has a predominantly bank-based financial system, changes in the composition and strength of banks’ balance sheets can have very sizeable implications for the transmission of monetary policy. This paper provides an overview of developments in banks’ balance sheets,...