incentives and effort provision. To examine this issue, we design three experiments where subjects participate in two-player real …-effort tournaments with two prizes. Experiment 1 shows that subjects exert high effort even if there are no monetary incentives …, suggesting that non-monetary incentives are contributing to their effort choices. Moreover, increasing monetary incentives does …

monetary incentives. We use a unique data set containing information on digital labor flows from a major global online labor … of econometric identification: a depreciation of a country's currency against the U.S. dollar increases the incentives of … model, we find that monetary incentives induced by depreciations of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar are …