We document that monetary policy has a substantial impact on innovation activities. After a tightening shock of 100 basis points, research and development (R&D) spending declines by about 1 to 3 percent and venture capital (VC) investment declines by about 25 percent in the following 1 to 3...

What is the effect of monetary policy on bank profitability? This paper uses a new long-run dataset spanning 17 countries and 145 years to address this question. I show that a monetary policy tightening leads to an increase in the spread between lending and deposit rates. But even though spreads...