(CBDC) in the euro area and proposes a possible design of a digital euro that allows for instant offline payments. Cash … regulations and supply-side restrictions by commercial banks. Nonetheless, overall demand for euro cash remained strong and even … consumer perspective, the digital euro will rather co-circulate with cash than replace it in transactions. …

Seit seiner Einführung am 1. Januar 1999 hat der Euro über ein Viertel seines Außenwertes verloren. Nachdem alle auf …, hat die These, dass die Schwäche darauf beruht, dass es bisher nur einen virtuellen Euro gibt, an Glaubwürdigkeit gewonnen … Finance" zu erklären. Aus der Sicht dieser Theorie könnte die Bargeldeinführung zum Vorteil des Euro ausschlagen, aber mit …

in the run up to the cash change-over. In particular, it revisits the possible effect of the latter on the euro …This paper describes and analyses the evolution of euro area currency in circulation in the last years and especially … the three time series in question (euro banknotes, US dollar banknotes, exchange rate). The main conclusion is that there …

This study investigates the benefits of cash in a general context. First, we explicitly address the arguments of cash … critics, who are calling for cash to be abolished altogether. Second, we show that cash plays a crucial role in the current … two-tier banking system. Third, we are discussing a number of selected benefits of cash, inter alia its use in financial …