Apart from the main misconception of money creation, that is, the exogenous-endogenous money creation debate, there exist a number of lesser misconceptions, including that banks are 'fully lent' when they have no excess reserves, that money creation begins with a new bank deposit, and that a...

The endogenous-exogenous money debate is a futile one. Exogenous money creation, based on the money multiplier, is not a money creation process. Rather, it is a monetary policy model, but in it money is still created endogenously: bank loans (and foreign asset accumulation by banks) concurrently...

Exogenous money creation does not exist, but did under a past specie-money system. Central bank control of bank reserves and therefore control of bank deposit (money) creation via the money multiplier can exist, but this has nothing to do with the process of money creation. Rather, it is a style...

Many scholars have fought valiantly to change perceptions on the process of money creation. However, misconceptions remain in place some quarters. In order to demonstrate empirically that a new bank loan creates a new bank deposit (without the bank having to recruit a new deposit), the author...

The state of bank liquidity, measured as the banks' net excess reserves (NER) with the central bank, is a critical element of the successful implementation of monetary policy. Central banks have absolute control over NER and manipulate it to bring about a positive NER (in QE periods) to drive...

There is a profound misconception amongst certain commentators on money and banking: that quantitative easing creates new money. The misconception is either: (1) that new money is injected into the economy; (2) newly created excess reserves can be used by the banks to make new loans. Neither of...

It is sometimes stated that government spending leads to money creation, at the same time providing the banks with excess reserves, leading to further money creation. This is so, but the statement ignores the fact that the money stock (and reserves) was depleted when revenue was raised in order...

After the discovery by the goldsmith-bankers that loans could be made by the issue of the newly accepted means of payments, receipts/bank notes, there was an inevitable next step: deposit money. Bank notes are deposits, but in a different form. Bank deposits are also accounting entries, but they...

It is a well-establish opinion that money creation has its genesis in the loan activities of the goldsmith-bankers in seventeenth-century London. This is accurate for bank note money, which had its origin in the receipts for precious metal deposits issued by the goldsmith-bankers. However, money...

Money creation began before the loan activities of the goldsmith-bankers in seventeenth-century London, in the form of coin clipping, coin debasement, and so on. However, money creation as we know it today (new bank loans create new bank deposits, which is the dominant means of payments) began...