? liquidity constraints. We also demonstrate that increasing the rate of inflation can be welfare improving when credit rationing …

This paper advances three fundamental propositions regarding money: (1) As R. W. Clower (1965) famously put it, money … buys goods and goods buy money, but goods do not buy goods. (2) Money is always debt; it cannot be a commodity from the … possible. These three propositions are used to build a theory of money that is linked to common themes in the heterodox …