This paper investigates the effects of fiscal equalization grants on total expenditure and disaggregated expenditures … Japanese fiscal equalization scheme and estimating local average grant effects with a regression kink design and an … instrumental variable approach, I demonstrate that there exist heterogeneous grant effects for two groups of municipalities with …

This paper estimates causal effects of intergovernmental grant effects on expenditures and tax revenues of all … the Philippines. We also show that there are heterogeneous flypaper effects, as the cities or high-income local government … units exhibit greater flypaper effects on public expenditure …