(administration) before elections. Rightist governments target leisure activities and save more on administration, whereas leftist … parliamentary) parties in national parliamentary elections diminish local electoral cycles. …

previous elections increases pre-election capital spending, on the other hand, its winning margin works in the opposite … share of capital spending before elections. Leftist governments tend to attract votes by increasing current expenditures …

A standard finding in the literature on political agency is that voters punish incumbents who raise taxes. Typically …, only the reaction of a representative voter is considered, with the notion that all voters dislike high taxes because the … politics we find that voters who, ex ante, prefer a small public sector punish incumbents who raise taxes, while voters who …