What role has affirmative action played in the growth of minority and female employment in U.S. firms? This paper analyzes this issue by comparing the employment of minorities and women at firms holding federal contracts and therefore mandated to implement affirmative action, and at...

"The NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health provides summaries of publications like this. You can sign up to receive the NBER Bulletin on Aging and Health by email. We use simple economic insights to develop a framework for distinguishing between prejudice and statistical discrimination using...

Audit studies testing for discrimination have been criticized because applicants from different groups may not appear identical to employers. Correspondence studies address this criticism by using fictitious paper applicants whose qualifications can be made identical across groups. However,...

Introduction -- Study Design and Analytic Approach -- Prevalence of Gender-Based/Sexual Equal Employment Opportunity Violations in the Past Year -- Characteristics of Gender-Based/Sexual Harassment in the FEMA Workforce -- Characteristics of Gender Discrimination in the FEMA Workforce --...

This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...