research on gender inequality in access to self-employment, the gender gap in pensions, and the emerging topic of a gender gap …

population is expected to impose a heavy fiscal burden through age-related programs like pensions and health care, immigration is … of low income on consumption. …

, especially when parents had lower levels of education, and slightly less occupational mobility. To analyze the returns to … education, earnings equations were estimated using the Heckman selection model. The education of youths and their parents had a … great impact on youths’ earnings, mainly on females. Young women with higher education more than double their earnings …