pt. 1. Problematizing ethical trade -- pt. 2. Learning from women smallholders. …

, and the women worked closer to home. Next, due to the common pool nature of irrigation water, historically irrigation has …This paper proposes that ancestral use of irrigation reduces contemporary female labor force participation and female … property rights. We test this hypothesis using an exogenous measure of irrigation and data from the Afrobarometer, cross …

design and outcomes. This constitutes a key challenge in Tanzania, where women and femaleheaded households are constrained by … needs to be done to enhance women's access to assets, skills training, and better-quality employment. Further gender …Tanzania has experienced relatively strong and stable economic growth accompanied by social stability over the past two …