gender gap in higher education. Before the expansion, women had lower higher education rates. The expansion increased the … attainment rates of both men and women but failed to reduce the gender gap. Comparing the scale of expansion across fields of …, thereby raising the gender gap. …

Cross-country differences in the gender gap of higher education attainment are large. In this paper, we study the role … of gender norms for this particular gender gap. To isolate the effect of gender norms from institutional and economic …'s degree. We measure gender norms using economic outcomes as well as beliefs prevailing in the migrants' parents' country of …

employment trajectories of female faculty. The Athena SWAN Charter is a gender equality initiative that formally recognises good … (STEMM) through an accreditation process. We find that the gender wage gap closes after Athena SWAN accreditation. However …