This paper analyzes how standards as a knowledge source are important for R&D, how significantly the (backward) citations by a patent of standard-related documents measure such knowledge flow, and how significantly they affect the performance of downstream R&D. Using both the RIETI inventor...

Companies which have to manage global supply chains face a high level of complexity in that there is a large number of suppliers in diverse socio-economic contexts as well as a growing demand for control of social and environmental criteria in these supply chains. Sustainable supply chain...

Recent studies of knowledge production have increasingly recognized the role of codified knowledge in the operation of social organizations. Much of the knowledge resident in organizations exists as tacit knowledge, that is, as knowledge that goes unrecorded. Typically such knowledge is carried...