This report is an account of the relationship between the ERA development and German research and innovation policy (R&I policy). The report introduces what ERA is and how the activities and instruments at European level have fundamentally changed and broadened. It provides a discussion of key...

In industrialized countries, regulations demand increasingly higher recycling (RC) rates and many efforts are undertaken to recycle construction and demolition (C&D) waste fractions. The C&D sector has indisputable relevance due to the highest mineral waste fraction, high numbers of employees...

Bottom-up processes of policy convergence are increasingly discussed as a substitute for the absence of supranational energy policy coordination and harmonization in the EU. The overall objective of this paper is to analyse the development of government support to renewable energy R&D across EU...

The paper asks how the modal shift from road to rail in the freight sector is sup-ported by institutional change. Following North (1990), institutions are understood as the "rules of the game" in the rail freight sector. Based on the literature on institutional change, four different...

Die Europäische Zentralbank hat erstmals in der europäischen Geschichte den Leitzins auf null Prozent gesenkt. Diese überraschende Entscheidung wurde am 10.03.2016 in den Medien verbreitet. Der Report wurde verfasst vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Diskussion um die Niedrigzinsphase und den...