In the German automobile industry the vertical integration, as an indicator of value added, is on average low. Beyond the argument of relative high labour costs for manufacturing, several specific reasons for the level of vertical integration, linked to the flexibility of business administration...

Product- and Geographic Boundary Dynamics under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Vertical Boundary Dynamics under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Product-, Geographic-, and Vertical Boundary Dynamics, and their Inter-Relationships under Foreign Competition Pressure -- Conclusion and Implications...