Kaldor's Laws, regarding relationships between output, employment and productivity in manufacturing are estimated with Kreis-data of the Bundesländer Hessen, Nordrhein- Westfalen, Rheinland-Pfalz and Saarland between 1980-92 by estimation methods considering the presence of spatial...

Conventional pension systems suffer from a design defect which makes them financially unsustainable, and a source of inefficiency for the economy as a whole. The paper outlines a second-best policy which includes a public pension system made up of two parallel schemes, a Bismarckian one allowing...