bank size. I combine this data set with information from almost 850,000 companies in these countries. My results show that …

that could improve SME finance are the so-called challenger banks, a type of bank unknown in Germany. These banks differ in …. The closure of the very last local savings bank in 2017 marks the preliminary end of traditional regional banking in the … one stroke a regional and public banking group with a substantial market share by restructuring the Royal Bank of Scotland …

degree of centralisation. Whereas no such bank exists in the UK any longer and real savings banks in Spain have almost …. Short operational and (especially) functional distance and embeddedness in supportive regional bank associations. Short … regional level and reduce the need for standardisation, centralisation and bank mergers in times when interest rates are low. …