labor market outcomes for men and women in France and Germany, two countries with different education systems. Using … German education systems, the social determinants of school and post-school attainment are analyzed. Then, the extent to … which education reduces the unemployment risk is examined, distinguishing between risk of entering unemployment …

earn lower wages, but have higher returns to education. This supports the view that persons from less-educated backgrounds …Using information on family background, we estimate returns to education, allowing for the heterogeneity of returns. In …