life-long-learning strategies. In this paper our aim is to explain to what extent the variation in training investments is … determinants of training. Rather than analyzing single determinants or groups of variables, we decompose the variation into a … show that both firm-, job- and worker-level heterogeneity explains training participation and that firm heterogeneity is …

account the selective acquisition of school qualifications, and the selective choice of vocational training programs with … entering initial vocational training in Germany – the grade attained also proves to have a strong effect on the risk of … capital endowments such as experience, tenure, and on‐the‐job‐training increase.  …