In recent years the aggregate savings ratio in Germany has declined. The basic causes are, above all, the rise in … and increases in the overall cost of living. Underlying the aggregate savings ratio one finds a substantial dispersion …. With rising income the savings-income ratio increases. In addition, the type of social insurance influences the level of …

crisis. The paper recommends obligatory priv ate savings at a variable rate where the time path of the savings rate is chosen …

I examine the impact of happiness on consumption and savings behavior using data from the DNB Household Survey from the …

How can retirement savings be increased? We explore a unique policy change in the context of the German pension system … these letters on the behavior of individuals. We find an increase in tax-deductible private retirement savings and provide … evidence that this is not due to a crowding-out of other forms of savings. We also show that labor earnings, i.e. the most …