probability of cut-throat competition, and the necessary presence of a demand-compatible peak-load structure. With respect to the …

drug substitution and competition. Since 2006, Germany follows an innovative approach by differentiating drug co … potential reductions in co-payments. We refer to the latter result as the "co-payment exemption paradox." Our competition proxy …

The current level of competition in European commercial passenger rail markets is low and empirical data on customer … preferences in intramodal competition has hardly been available, yet. Our study raises the knowledge of competition in commercial … regressions. Our analysis indicates that customers experiencing competition (Cologne-Brussels) show a higher preference for …