-based regulation of access charges for electricity grids enhances competition in the downstream-market. The paper shows that the … field by means of a cost-based regulation of access charges always creates competition in the downstream-market. The paper … also derives the welfare effects of both the liberalization of the downstream-market and the cost-based regulation. …

-world applicability of results compared to previous analyses. We show that a combined merchant-regulatory regulation, which draws upon a …