address this pressing open question in public finance, we estimate a life-cycle model in which the optimal employment … public pension system. We calculate that, in the case of Germany, the fiscal consequences of the 6.4 year increase in age 65 …

and mortality, paying particular attention to possible differences by sex and region. Higher parity is associated with …'s physical health and survival is negative. Early motherhood is paralleled by poorer physical health in West Germany, whereas … late motherhood is associated with lower psychological well-being in East Germany. Moreover, among Western German women …

While regional mortality inequalities in Germany tend to be relatively stable in the short run, over the course of the … spatial mortality disparities in Germany since 1900, and link them with theoretical considerations and existing research on … past century marked changes have occurred in the country’s regional mortality patterns. These changes include not only the …