police, public prosecution and courts, respectively, on crime. Using detailed data on the different stages of the criminal … conviction play a major role in explaining the variation of crime rates, while the impact of the severity of punishment is small …

, increase crime. …

among natives and by showing that immigration may, under specific circumstances, increase crime. …

This article provides new insights into the cyclical behavior of consumer and producer real wages in the USA and … Germany. We apply two methods for the estimation of the cyclical components from the data: the approach based on the … cyclical patterns over time. From the findings of our study, we can infer that the USA and Germany differ with respect to the …