Despite numerous studies on skill development, we know little about the causal effects of music training on cognitive … and non-cognitive skills. This study examines how long-term music training during childhood and youth affects the …-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our findings suggest that adolescents with music training have better cognitive skills and school grades and …

-run comparisons with other data. We construct a new measure based on the emotional content of music. We first trained a machine … learning model using 191 different audio features embedded within music and use this model to construct a long-run Music … satisfaction and outperforms an equivalent text-based measure. Our results have implications for the role of music in society, and …