Excessive household borrowing has been identified as an important determinant of financial crises. Borrower-based macroprudential instruments have been proposed as a possible remedy. In Germany, two instruments have been available to macroprudential supervisors since 2017: a cap on the...

This paper studies whether people's perception of improvements in local air quality are reflected in the housing market based on comprehensive data on real estate prices from Germany. Using a quasi-experimental research design, we exploit the staggered introduction of Low Emission Zones (LEZs)...

This Working Paper studies ways to stimulate the private rental sector (PRS) of the housing market – and compares experiences with policies and reforms in Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the Czech Republic. Although in many countries the PRS has decreased in importance since the Second...

This paper analyzes the tax effects of the German real estate transfer tax (RETT). While the vast majority of single-family houses in Germany are owner-occupied, apartments are usually held by private and incorporated investors. For this reason, we conducted a regression analysis to determine...

This paper analyzes the tax effects of the German real estate transfer tax (RETT). While the vast majority of single-family houses in Germany are owner-occupied, apartments are usually held by private and incorporated investors. For this reason, we conducted a regression analysis to determine...

This paper analyzes the tax effects of the German real estate transfer tax (RETT). While the vast majority of single-family houses in Germany are owner-occupied, apartments are usually held by private and incorporated investors. For this reason, we conducted a regression analysis to determine...

This Working Paper studies ways to stimulate the private rental sector (PRS) of the housing market – and compares experiences with policies and reforms in Germany, the Netherlands, Finland and the Czech Republic. Although in many countries the PRS has decreased in importance since the Second...

Dieser Beitrag entwickelt ein Verfahren, das die Komplexität der Endvermögensberechnung von Aktienanlagen unter Berücksichtigung der Besteuerung und regelmäßiger Portfolioumschichtung erheblich reduziert. Bisher ist eine vergleichbar präzise Berechnung wegen rekursiver Abhängigkeiten sehr...

This paper analyzes the impact of capital gains taxation on the decision to realize capital gains and losses when gains are tax-exempt after a certain holding period. Theory predicts that high marginal tax rates incentivize investors to realize taxable losses. In contrast, the propensity to...

This paper describes the effects of the sectoral application of the systemic risk buffer (SyRB) within the German banking system. The analysis compares a general capital buffer (e.g. CCyB) to the sectoral SyRB (sSyRB) in the context of addressing the risks resulting from residential real estate...