The ministerial proposal for a 10th amendment of the German competition law particularly addresses abuse control and … seeks to tighten this pillar of competition policy against the background of the challenges from the digital economy. Next …

Do we have effective competition between the gasoline's big five oligopolists (Aral, Shell, Esso, Total and Jet) and …

petrol, but with substantially lower rates in high-income regions and in regions with a low degree of competition. More …-through estimates may obscure a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity that bears upon the assessment of competition and …

steer drug demand and to control expenses. For example, they introduce reference pricing or tiered co-payments to enhance … drug substitution and competition. Since 2006, Germany follows an innovative approach by differentiating drug co … potential reductions in co-payments. We refer to the latter result as the "co-payment exemption paradox." Our competition proxy …

The current level of competition in European commercial passenger rail markets is low and empirical data on customer … preferences in intramodal competition has hardly been available, yet. Our study raises the knowledge of competition in commercial … regressions. Our analysis indicates that customers experiencing competition (Cologne-Brussels) show a higher preference for …