This paper examines Latvia's foreign trade and investment relations with Germany and Russia during the interwar period … exports consist of manufactured goods as well as food processing products. In terms of investments, pre-war investment from … investment. …

Previous empirical work on the link between domestic and foreign investment provides mixed results which partly depend … investment (FDI) cannot be gauged using firm-level data. Aggregated data, in turn, miss channels through which domestic and … investment. We theoretically show that the effects of FDI on the domestic capital stock depend on the structure of industries and …

municipalities crowds out private investment. Our results show how crowding out can happen in a developed economy characterized by … market power to charge higher rates on their SME customers. This crowded out firm investment. Perversely, fiscal … which increasingly borrowed from local public banks. Crowding out lowered aggregate private investment by around 30-40 bio …

municipalities crowds out private investment. Our results show how crowding-out can happen in a developed economy characterized by … market power to charge higher rates on their SME customers. This crowded out firm investment. Perversely, fiscal … which increasingly borrowed from local public banks. Crowding-out lowered aggregate private investment by around 30-40 bio …

Over 2010-2016, municipal debt in Germany crowded out private investment worth 1 percent of GDP. Forced to lend to …

This paper examines Latvia's foreign trade and investment relations with Germany and Russia during the interwar period … exports consist of manufactured goods as well as food processing products. In terms of investments, pre-war investment from … investment. …