rationalization' in the form of a massive wave of mine closures over 1924-29 played a significant role in pushing aggregate labour … improvements at individual mines attributable to the intensified mechanization of underground operations. Closures regularly raised … aggregate productivity in the year after the closure had been conducted; closures also pushed productivity by way of ceding …

non-profit organizations (NPOs) in the field of migration. It argues that NPOs and local governments deploy similar …

, we analyze the relationship between commuting time, and the time devoted to home production and childcare. To deal with … effect for men, while childcare time has an effect on women's commuting time behavior only. Our results explain why prior …

as childcare and leave policies interaction. The findings from the fixed effects model reveal that childcare coverage for … gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined … with high childcare coverage lead to greater employment gap than when the coverage is low. The results do not prove that …

period from June to August 2020, we investigate the opposing claims of widening/closing the gender gap in parental childcare … couples’ childcare division and by considering the prepandemic division rather than providing merely snapshots during lockdown … months. Starting from a fairly "traditional" prepandemic childcare division, the lockdown stimulus was not nearly strong …