groups, i.e. people in the first half of the 60s of which many are eligible for early retirement programs and people older … than 65 mostly eligible for social security retirement programs. For these two age groups the actual development in labor … analyzed based on available micro data. Policy reforms and changes in the retirement area have been enacted since the mid-1990s …

-career job loss and retirement. Income losses due to men's retirement have grown in both countries, consistent with gradual … more heterogeneous, with more workers suffering very large income losses and having low income after retirement. Changes in … this trend. In Germany, where generous early retirement options were phased out after the mid-1990s, there is evidence that …

subsidies should be targeted and how the wage subsidy programs interact with incentives for early retirement are open questions. …

. This study examines relationships between establishment training programs, wages, and retirement among older men and women … retirement patterns suggests this relationship may not be causal. Our research suggests targeted training programs likely play an …

employed. Observed covariates including wages and retirement benefits help to explain these patterns, but unobserved …

people who retired, Conscientiousness was lower in and after the first year of retirement versus before. No other traits … differed around the start of retirement. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the start of working life might promote … personality maturation and that retirement might promote personality "relaxation. …