L. Leisering: Introduction -- M. Stolleis: Historical Foundations - Social Policy in Germany to 1945: Introduction -- Social Protection in the Middle Ages and in the Early Modern State: Alms, Poor Relief, Care, Social Help -- Social Policy in the German Empire: the Insurance Solution -- The...

This article highlights the limitations of unidimensional analyses in the comparative welfare state literature and emphasises the need for a more holistic, multidimensional approach incorporating social spending, welfare state outputs, and outcomes. To illustrate the utility of a...

This paper analyses major pension system regulation in four European countries: Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It is focused on the government's and social partner's efforts to provide old-age security benefits, and how these regulatory approaches have shaped the current...