' effects in the literature, by employment losses from process and organisational innovation and by general productivity … dynamics. We investigate this reallocation in terms of employment gains and losses from innovation. New employment created by … product innovation may be offset by employment losses in related products, known as 'cannibalisation' or 'business stealing …

innovation and productivity and firms tend to decline in sales and employment. …This study analyses empirically the effects of import competition on firm productivity (TFPQ) using administrative firm … positive incentives for firms to invest in productivity improvement, whereas import competition from middle- and low …