.e. labor market earnings losses after child birth. This study analyses the long run effects of a German paid parental leave … the fact that only mothers whose child is born in or after July 2015 are eligible for the new part-time PL option in a … Difference-in-Differences strategy. We find that the policy increased the probability that high income mothers return to work …

employment status and work hours changes, respectively. In East Germany, mothers with a child aged under three years who lived in … negative association of child-teacher-ratios with maternal employment was marginally significant. For mothers with older … children, day-care quality was unrelated to employment. …

benefits also reduce take-up of paid leave by mothers, lower the chances of having further children, and have no impact on … available to high-earning women after their first childbirth on subsequent within-couple earnings inequality. Lower benefit … amounts result in a reduced earnings gap that persists beyond the benefit period for at least nine years after the birth. The …

The paper documents employment and wage gaps, which arise between mothers and childless women, for a set of 28 European … small children and the length of maternity and paid parental leaves are important for explaining the size of the motherhood … gap in employment. The impact of the leaves depends, however, on childcare availability: long maternity leaves combined …

Employment among mothers has been rising in recent decades, although mothers of young children often work fewer hours … former group displaying strong approval for part-time employment among mothers and fathers of very young children and the … than other women do. Parallel to this trend, approval of maternal employment has increased, albeit not evenly across groups …