less complex crimes that are normally committed by individuals who can easily be linked to the crime. Due to this empirical … or criminological fact, it seems logical that the normal modes of liability for parties to a crime used in domestic … general concept of parties to a crime in domestic criminal law. On the other hand, the author argues that abandoning the idea …

recidivating within a year by 20 percent. This is largely a specific deterrence effect driven by the punishment itself and not by …