effectiveness of government policy across the world. However, there is a paucity of historical data making limiting long …-run comparisons with other data. We construct a new measure based on the emotional content of music. We first trained a machine … learning model using 191 different audio features embedded within music and use this model to construct a long-run Music …

Despite numerous studies on skill development, we know little about the causal effects of music training on cognitive … and non-cognitive skills. This study examines how long-term music training during childhood and youth affects the …-Economic Panel (SOEP). Our findings suggest that adolescents with music training have better cognitive skills and school grades and …

music education programs are becoming increasingly popular among policy makers in Germany and other developed countries …, the effects of universal music education on such outcomes are not yet sufficiently studied. This paper analyses the Jedem … from the German household panel studies SOEP and FiD are combined with regional data on primary and music schools. Using a …