In major legal orders such as UK, the U.S., Germany, and France, bribers and recipients face equally severe criminal sanctions. In contrast, countries like China, Russia, and Japan treat the briber more mildly. Given these differences between symmetric and asymmetric punishment regimes for...

This study examined attitudes on the ethics of bribe taking in four European countries – France, Great Britain, Italy and Germany. Nineteen demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, etc.) were also examined, and most mean scores were found to be significantly different. Although most...

This paper presents the results of an empirical study of attitudes toward bribe taking in the largest economies on four continents – the USA, Brazil, Germany and China. The authors use the Human Beliefs and Values Survey data to examine several demographic variables, including gender, age,...

This paper contributes to the literature on specific deterrence by addressing the issue of selecting adolescents into adult and juvenile law systems. In Germany, different from the U.S. and most other countries, turning a critical cutoff age does not cause a sharp discontinuity from juvenile to...

This paper tests predictions of a structural, augmented supply-of-offenders model regarding the relative effects of police, public prosecution and courts, respectively, on crime. Using detailed data on the different stages of the criminal prosecution process in Germany, empirical evidence...

Die vorliegende Studie skizziert zunächst die Bedeutung von Wirtschaftskriminalität aus Sicht der deutschen Unternehmen sowie den derzeitigen Forschungsstand zu den Ursachen von Wirtschaftskriminalität. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Motive von Wirtschaftsstraftätern noch nicht hinreichend...

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the criminal justice system on juvenile recidivism. Using a unique sample of German inmates, we are able to disentangle the selection into criminal and juvenile law from the subsequent recidivism decision of the inmate. We base our identification strategy...

Based on a theoretical framework on informal, custodial and non-custodial sentencing, the paper provides econometric tests on the effectiveness of police, public prosecution and courts. Using a unique dataset covering German states for the period 19772001, a comprehensive system of criminal...

Defenders of strong intellectual property rights often maintain that intellectual property infringement is theft, and that the sanctions associated with it ought to be high. Others are skeptical of the property comparison and think that much lower sanctions are appropriate. We argue that a...

German civil and criminal courts have not always agreed over whether to allow a taxpayer to zero-rate intra-Community supplies when the taxpayer making the supply knew (or should have known) that his buyer in the other Member State intended to fraudulently evade VAT as a missing trader. This is...