Die Beteiligung des Bundes an den Kosten der Unterbringung und Heizung (KdU) erfolgt seit der Einführung des SGB II 2005 mit dem Ziel, die Kommunen finanziell zu entlasten. Seitdem wurde die Bundesbeteiligung in Höhe, Struktur, Berechnung und Zweck beständig verändert. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie...

The paper looks a China's institutional reforms in public finances against the background of European experiences. Particular attention is given to Switzerland and Germany where there is a high degree of consensus forming mechanisms. These federations are also characterized by concepts of...

Die vorliegende Studie wurde im Auftrag der Robert Bosch Stiftung im ifo Arbeitsbereich "Sozialpolitik und Arbeitsmärkte" erstellt und im Juni 2005 abgeschlossen, um die Arbeit der von der Bosch Stiftung initiierten Kommission "Familie und demographischer Wandel" zu unterstützen. Gegenstand...

Die deutsche Wirtschaft wurde 2022 in besonderem Maße von Russlands Angriffskrieg in der Ukraine getroffen. Aufgrund ihrer starken Exportabhängigkeit fielen die hohen Energiepreise, die schwächelnde Weltkonjunktur und gestörte Lieferketten besonders stark ins Gewicht. Umso beeindruckender...

This book chapter suggests that nineteenth-century tax treaties and federal laws of German speaking European countries that concerned double taxation established the basis from which tax treaties and model conventions developed in the following centuries. The content of these German tax treaties...

Finfluencer (noun): a person who, by virtue of their popular or cultural status, has the ability to influence the decision-making process of others through promotions or recommendations on social media. Now more than ever, consumers look to the internet for advice and guidance on all aspects of...

Social scientists dealing with business and politics have tended to focus mostly on the power of business and less on the political challenges and constraints that business interest groups face. This paper analyses how business interest groups respond to political initiatives that challenge...

This paper estimates the effect of political power on tax policies in municipal councils under a proportional election system. The main challenge in estimating the causal effect of parties on policy is to isolate the effect of power from underlying voter preferences and the selection effect of...

Do incumbents in an election have an advantage, and if so, are these advantages heterogeneous across parties or government and opposition? We first present a theoretical discussion on the possible heterogeneity of incumbency effects in a pure two-party system. Then, we estimate the incumbency...

This paper explores the interdependency of political institutions from the voter's perspective. Specifically, we are interested in three questions: (1) Does the partisan identity of the local mayor influence the voter's decision in the subsequent town council election?; (2) Does this partisan...