bans to the hospitality industry. Using a unique data set on cigarette sales at more than 100k vending machines that … investigating several recent tobacco control measures in Germany. We find a large negative effect on cigarette sales of a nation …-wide introduction of devices for electronic age verification in cigarette vending machines, particularly at machines placed outdoors and …

As in most OECD countries, smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption have been decreasing in Germany since the early … 2000s. This paper analyses whether smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption, as well as their development over time … German population, we find that both the decline in smoking prevalence and the decline in average cigarette consumption were …

As in most OECD countries, smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption have been decreasing in Germany since the early … 2000s. This paper analyses whether smoking prevalence and cigarette consumption, as well as their development over time … German population, we find that both the decline in smoking prevalence and the decline in average cigarette consumption were …

traditional degree program has affected first-year students’ satisfaction. Three dimensions of student satisfaction are focused … indicator for students’ personal problems within the academic context. The selection into the type of program is taken into … point to minor differences between the programs. The outcomes are slightly more favorable for students in the new programs …

How did the introduction of the Bachelor-degree system affect students in Germany? Combining rich data on university … students with administrative data on universities' study programs, we exploit variation in the timing of Bachelor …-degree implementation across departments. To account for endogeneity in students' enrollment decisions, we apply an instrumental …