use of collateral in bank loan contracts as well as the exist-ence of relational compared to arm's length lending. In this … paper we seek evidence for the-se hypotheses taking France and Germany as examples which differ significantly concerning the … neither confirm that a high priority for secured lenders explains an excessive use of collateral in bank loans nor that a …

lending, borrower quality and collateral as a key variable in loan contract design. We used a unique data set based on the … borrower quality and the incidence or degree of collateralization. Our results indicate that the use of collateral in loan … housebanks do require more collateral from their debtors, thereby increasing the borrower's lock-in and strengthening the banks …

start-ups caused by lacking collateral or equity and high information asymmetry. The present study quantifies the economic … and fiscal net benefits of guarantee banks in the new federal states of Germany, where economic development is still …