output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

Compulsory licensing allows governments to license patented inventions without the consent of patent owners. Intended … new drugs, however, are theoretically ambiguous: Compulsory licensing may encourage innovation by increasing competition … or discourage innovation by reducing expected returns to R&D. Empirical evidence is rare, primarily because contemporary …

. Our evidence, which builds on a database that matches research institutions to a sample of their patent applications …, indicates patent applications to the European Patent Office (EPO) filed by research institutions grew faster than industry … patent applications remains low and their ratio of patents granted to applications is below that of industry. An econometric …

intellectual property rights and of offshoring costs on the rate of innovation and on the offshoring intensity. In chapter 4 I …' successful patent applications. The last chapter describes sector-level input-output relationships in eleven European economies …

landscapes have a higher probability of in-licensing. For firms with small patent portfolios we also find a positive association … higher innovative performance for firms that do not in-license. Furthermore, the effects of fragmentation on innovation also … appear to depend on the size of a firm’s patent portfolio. These results suggest that the effects of fragmentation of …

This paper develops a sequential application-grant framework to analyze competing explanations for the two U.S. patent … argues that the 1990s intellectual property regime shift lowered examination standards and caused the 1990s patent surge …. Results from the empirical models reject the ¿friendly court¿ hypothesis as the primary source of the eighties patent surge …

patent experience of inventors and universities further help explain the variance in ownership patterns. Both experienced and …