"Between the Meiji Restoration in 1868 and the beginning of the war mobilization boom in 1930, collieries Europe and America embraced new technologies and had long since been excluded from working underground. In Japan however, mining women witnessed no significant in working practices over this...

Introduction -- Recurrent and non-recurrent economic fluctuations at the national level -- Constraints on business decision-making-the impact of geology, topography and mining technology -- Prior investment in mining and transportation infrastructure -- Railroad expansion and corporate control...