The first fruits of freedom -- Into the new century -- Great war, great migration -- Race and labor in depression and war -- Race and labor in the postwar world -- Affirmative action and labor action -- Back to the future

Putting racial formation theory to work : a women-centered, transdisciplinary, and intersectional approach -- The lost files of Irish immigration history : the Irish woman question and racialized manual labors -- Southern mammy and African American "immigrant" women : reconstituting white...

Part I. Captured and caged : and still they built new worlds -- 1. Black bodies : white minds, and the irony of liberty -- 2. Black hands : native lands, and the making of Mount Vernon -- 3. Black minds : blueprints, and the enslaved and free Black artisans of Federal City -- 4. Black builders :...

Free labor -- From Reconstruction to Jim Crow, 1877-1895 -- Blacks and labor in the progressive era, 1900-1920 -- From progressivism to the New Deal, 1920-1935 -- The New Deal and World War -- The civil rights era, 1950-1965 -- The affirmative action dilemma, 1965-present